Introduction
It's late 2006 and I'm still running Windows 2000 at home. Nothing personal against Windows XP, it just doesn't offer anything new that I need. I can write Java code and rambling web page articles on Windows 2000 just fine. However, good ole' Win2k is getting rusty and I have no interest in Vista for a variety of reasons. When I build a new PC in the near future it will likely be running some flavor of Linux. As such, I expect this will be my last Win2k article. So why not go out with something that's a) fun b) poorly documented and c) an idea I've wanted to try for a while.
Microsoft recently made Virtual PC 2004 a free download. Their motives were not altruistic of course. In my estimate, they view it as a stopgap measure to prevent users from outright switching to Linux. "Hey guys no need to get a PC with Linux preinstalled, just buy a PC with a $200 GenuineTM copy of XP/Vista and run Linux in Virtual PC!" I started using Virtual PC at the office recently. Without violating any non-disclosure agreements, I'll just say that we've had a ton of problems keeping developer PCs in-sync. Everyone has different levels of service packs, tools, servers and so on. It was a nightmare to manage, especially when you consider the growing number of offshore developers. Maintaining a common Virtual PC baseline became a good solution to this problem. We also need to test on different OS versions and Virtual PC is a huge timesaver there too.
That's boring though. What's really nifty about Virtual PC is that it allows you to revive old operating systems. For me, that means being able to run my beloved "Gold Box" AD&D collection with sound. Sure there's a decent emulator called DOSBox that gets the job done, but to get the real retro experience I'm going to need Virtual PC. Plus there are a few Win95 specific games and applications I'd like to fire up for old time's sake.
My final Win2k article is the least useful but by far the most entertaining: How to install & run Windows 95 on Virtual PC 2004. Welcome back to 1995.
Note: Although this article/tutorial was written for Windows 2000 there's no reason to think it won't work on XP and Vista. Virtual PC is Virtual PC regardless of which Windows flavor it's running on.
What You'll Need
This would be the perfect time to give a huge thanks to "Virtual PC Guy" Ben Armstrong, specifically this posting on installing Windows 95 on Virtual PC. It identified the need to first install DOS 6.2X, linked to the Intel motherboard driver, and offered the tip on copying the entire Windows 95 install (which I already planned to do before finding the post). Earlier on I referred to this topic being "poorly documented". This posting was basically the only useful resource I could find, although useful it is also very brief.
* I own legitimate copies of DOS 6.2 and Windows 95. I'd recommend using legitimate copies too. They should be cheap at computer shows or eBay. If you get copies off some warez site they obviously could be virus-laden. Then again, we're talking about a Virtual PC here so it's not a big deal.
Creating the Virtual Machine and Drives
I'm sure you figured it out already but click on a thumbnail picture to view the full screenshot in a pop-up window. You'll have to disable pop-up blocking for this site of course (since I will never use pop-up ads it's safe to do). Most of the steps are pretty straightforward but the screenshots are there just in case..
Start the Virtual Machine Wizard
Create a Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine Name and Location
Operating System
Adjust RAM
The "Recommended RAM" for a generic machine is 128mb. However, for Windows 95 you'll want to start with 64mb at the most. Apparently Windows 95 has some installation problems with more than 64mb RAM in a virtual machine (maybe a real one too?). At least I read some usenet postings that made this claim with rather vague explanations behind it. After Windows 95 is installed you can upgrade it to 2gb, I bumped it to 128 and it's running smoothly. I played with the RAM a few times so some screenshots may show different values.
Create a New Virtual Hard Disk
TEMP.vhd
Here's something that's a pain. In the New Virtual Machine wizard you can create, but not configure, a virtual hard disk. This is royally dumb. By default it creates an expanding drive. However, we're dealing with FAT16 so we're going to need to go back and create 2gb fixed drives. So when you get to this screen just call the hard drive "TEMP.vhd" or whatever because we're going to delete it shortly.
Complete the Wizard
Virtual PC Console
Hard Drives
Create a New Virtual Disk
Select Virtual Hard Disk
Specify Disk Location
Create a Fixed Size Hard Disk
Set Hard Disk Size
Repeat the previous five steps for hard disk 2. For my Windows 95 virtual PC I went with 2x2gb drives so the image would fit nicely on a 4.2gb DVD disk. My plan is to use the c: drive for Windows 95 itself and any other applications I feel like reviving. The d: will be loaded with ~2gb of dusty old games. This creates a nice, compact gaming disc that can be used on any Windows 2000+ machine. All you have to do is create a local differencing disk and start playing right off the DVD, no installs or configuration required.
Verify Settings
Time to Start
Installing DOS 6.2X
First Boot
Configure Unallocated Disk Space
Format Drives
Setup
Disk Swapping
OK, here's something annoying. When you change floppy disks the virtual drive doesn't seem to know. It appears to catalog the disk and then refer to that catalog when the virtual machine tries to access it. As a result, you put in disk 2 but the DOS setup insists you still have disk 1 in the drive. You'll have to click on the little 3.5" disk icon in the lower left corner to release and recapture the drive. Even then you'll have to hit enter a few times for things to work.
config.sys
When I was a kid, if we wanted to use a fancy CDROM drive we had to edit these stupid text files called autoexec.bat and config.sys. In config.sys you'll need to add the ol' "DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE" and "DEVICE=C:\DRIVERS\OAKCDROM.sys /D:MSCD001" lines. Of course your DOS install path and driver name could be different.
autoexec.bat
xcopy the Windows 95 CD
Now you'll want to copy over the Windows 95 install CD. In case you forgot the syntax it's "xcopy e:\*.* c:\WIN95CD /S". It installs faster off the virtual hard drive and there's the whole aforementioned motherboard driver issue. There's also the annoying feature Windows 95 has where it sporadically asks you for the install CD when you try to access something for the first time (even if you swear you installed everything).
Installing Windows 95
setup.exe
Mouse Integration
Bad Times
Here's where things went spiraling downhill for me. The Windows 95 install totally died at the EULA dialog. It wouldn't respond to the mouse or keyboard (not even CTRL+ALT+DEL). Totally dead. I tried various memory, autoexec.bat, and config.sys settings but never got past this screen. I decided to give up for a while until I came to a solution..
So you're probably wondering "will I have the same problem?" I don't have a good answer, there are a few things to consider though:
The moral of the story (which you'll see in the next two steps) is "if things don't work the first time, try a different bootdisk".
Windows 98 Bootdisk to the Rescue
(If you got past the previous screen then please ignore this step). Before completely giving up I decided to reach into the ol' OS wallet and try the trusty Windows 98 pre-install disk. Even in 1998 not all PCs had a BIOS that supported booting off a CDROM. Windows 98 installs came with a floppy disk that booted the PC into DOS mode so the install could be run manually. I figured this would be easier (and faster) than dorking with settings for an hour.
Back in Business!
Analyzing Your Computer
I won't go through all the Windows 95 installation steps here. I'm gambling that you're already familiar with installing Windows and the UI is pretty simple to follow if not. On this first dialog make sure to have everything checked unless you want to disable network support. I went with the "install everything" approach when it came time to select components.
Copying Files
Success
Tweaking
Intel Drivers
Resolution
I went in and changed the resolution to 800x600 (32-bit color). After doing this the mouse went all wacky. It was off by ~160x120 pixels, meaning if I clicked on one part of the screen it registered in a different location. I tried reboots, hard (virtual) boots, other resolution settings; nothing worked.
Gallery
12 Year-Old Hard Drive
So I wasn't content to stop here. The closet in my office is filled with various computer parts that I should just sell already. Among the clutter is the hard drive from the Micron PC I bought in 1995. Back then I was all excited about Windows 95 but didn't know how to build a PC. I used that PC until 1999 when the drive controller died. It was time to upgrade anyway. The hard drive itself still works perfectly though. One day it occurred to me that I could probably still boot off it in Virtual PC. Windows 95 is pretty robust in that regard. You can pop the hard drive into any machine and it'll figure out what to do. Try doing that with an NT-based version of Windows.
Tools needed: USB external hard drive enclosure, WinImage.
Why do I need WinImage? I couldn't get this to work without it. My first plan was to just point a .vhd to the physical drive, boot Windows 95, and copy the physical drive to a new .vhd. Windows 95 didn't care for this plan though, threw a lot of blue screen errors like it did for the 3.5" USB drive. Mapping a USB drive to a virtual drive apparently isn't an exact science. There's probably a way to do it but it's so much less painful to just use WinImage to copy the physical drive to a .vhd file.
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